The cerebral cortex was separated for the first time into different lobes by French neuro-anatomist and zoologist Louis Pierre Gratiolet (1815 – 1865). He studied the structural similarities and differences between the brains of primates […]
The plasma membrane is a thin membrane that surrounds and protects a living cell. It is present in every living cells (bacteria, plants, and animals). The membrane separates the inner content of the cell (cytoplasm, […]
The enzyme O-6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) (EC 2.1.1.63) encodes by the human MGMT gene. The gene is present on chromosome 10 at the q26.3 position. The enzyme is also known as O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase, Methylated-DNA-Protein-Cysteine Methyltransferase, Methylguanine-DNA […]
Amylase: Amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch (polymer of glucose) into sugars. The enzyme is present in the saliva of humans as well as secreted by the pancreas. The enzyme is classified into α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), β-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2), and γ-amylase (EC 3.2.1.3). Amylase […]
Producer protists: Producer protists are unicellular. Many of them produce their foods using sunlight and CO2. Like green plants, producer protists contain chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c pigments, peridinin, and diadinoxanthin pigments. Zooxanthellae (dinoflagellates) are mostly photosynthetic protists. Some protozoa […]
A coprolite is a fossilized faeces. It is also known as coprolith. Coprolites are categorized as trace fossils and give evidence about the diet of extinct animals. The term coprolite is derived from the Greek words “kopros” and […]
The first enzyme discovered was the Diastase. French chemist Jean-François Persoz and Anselme Payen discovered the enzyme Diastase in 1833. Persoz and Payen extracted the enzyme from the malt solution. The name Diastase is derived from […]
Cellulose [(C6H10O5)n] is a natural homopolymer and the main structural component of the plant cell wall. Cellulose is the most ubiquitously found organic molecule on earth. Microorganisms, algae, and plants synthesize cellulose fibers from glucose molecules […]
Palaemons are decapod crustaceans. They belong to the family Palaemonidae in the Animal Kingdom. They are aquatic animals that live in rivers, lakes, freshwater streams, and ponds. The decapod crustaceans possess 38 appendages (19 pairs). The […]
Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances widely used as medications to treat and prevent bacterial and fungal infections. According to their origins, antibiotics can be divided into natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic. Antibiotics are synthesized bacteria and fungi. […]
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