The cancer-causing agents are called carcinogens. The carcinogen may be any substance, molecules, radiation, gas, or pollution that promotes the formation or development of cancer. Many radioactive substances emitted radiation like gamma rays and alpha particles cause DNA damage and are […]
Starch is breakdown into maltose (disaccharide) first in the mouth by the action of enzyme Salivary amylase and then in the small intestine by the action Pancreatic amylase. Starch is a branched-chain polysaccharide consisting of glucose subunits. The […]
The body cavity of Colelenterata is called Coelenteron. Coelenterata comprises of invertebrate aquatic animals, mostly found in marine habitats. They are multicellular organisms with a tissue level of organization. Coelenterata is divided into the phylum Cnidaria (jellyfishes) and the […]
The number of amino acids residues present in each hemoglobin protein is 574. Hemoglobin (Hb) is a globular Fe-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein present in the red blood cells (RBCs) that carries oxygen in the body. Heme containing Hemoglobin protein […]
Arteries and veins form closed networks of blood vessels that start from the heart as the pulmonary artery and the aorta and end at the heart as the Superior vena cava and Inferior vena cava. Arteries carry […]
The water requirement of a living organism is fulfilled by both exogenous water and endogenous water. The water that the living organism drink or ingest from external sources either in pure form (water) or any […]
In plants, two nearby cells are joined together by the middle lamella. The middle lamella is mainly composed of calcium and magnesium pectates. The middle lamella also contains carbohydrates such as galactose, arabinose, and xylose. […]
Selenocysteine (Sec or U or Se-Cys) is the 21st proteinogenic amino acid and is incorporated biosynthetically into the proteins during translation. The amino acid is an analog of cysteine (Cys) with selenium in place of sulfur. The amino acid was first discovered by American biochemist Thressa […]
Antibiotics are medicines that act against bacterial infection. Antibiotics work by killing the bacteria or by inhibits their growth. However, antibiotics are not effective against viruses. The term antibiotic means the “opposing life” and is served from Greek words […]
The pectoral girdle is a set of bones in the appendicular skeleton that forms the shoulder. Therefore, the pectoral girdle is also called the shoulder girdle. In humans, the pectoral girdle consists of two bones the clavicle and scapula. In some animals, the […]
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