Two scientists, Dmitri Ivanovsky and Martinus Beijerinck contributed to the discovery of the first virus, Tobacco mosaic virus. in 1892, Ivanoski reported that extracts from infected leaves were still infectious after filtration through a Chamberland […]
A coccus (plural cocci) is a bacterium that has a more or less spherical, ovoid, or round in shape. Neisseria gonorrhoeae which causes Gonorrhea and Streptococcus pneumonia which causes Pneumonia in human morphologically belongs to […]
In 1915, British bacteriologist Frederick Twort, Brown Institution of London, discovered a small agent that infected and killed bacteria. He believed the agent must be a virus that grew on and destroyed the bacteria. In […]
The Mantoux test or Mendel–Mantoux test or The Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) is the standard method of determining whether a person is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent for tuberculosis (TB). The test […]
The envelope glycoprotein (Env) of HIV, has two subunits gp120 and gp41. When HIV interacts with the helper T cell, the gp120 subunit has a high-affinity binding site for the T cell receptor CD4 (CD4+ […]
Stomata are tiny pore present in epidermis plant leaves and other soft plant parts are responsible for gaseous exchange. Each stoma is surrounded by two specialized green epidermal cells called Guard Cells. These two guard […]
The medulla oblongata and the pons are the major brain centers that regulate respiration. The respiratory centers in the brain are stimulated by an increased concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in arterial blood. Chemoreceptors present […]
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